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Does democracy measure our virtues — or merely tally fears, emotions, and popularity? Democracies Are Born and They Also Bite the Dust Standing on a barren hill above Athens, the professor waves his hands, announcing “This is it. The world’s first known democracy.” We look around. No buildings. No institutions. Barely even a rock to place a plaque on. It’s really not even much of a hill as it is a dusty, dirt patch — a nearly forgotten stoop where the citizens of Athens, wealthy men, would gather to make decisions collectively 2,500 years ago. All History Happens Somewhere Right before we arrived, we were looking down at a small valley of rubble and ruin. “That’s the prison where Socrates was killed by popular vote,” the professor said, glancing away — equal parts warning and shame. It’s a reminder that everything happens in place — up on a hill, down in a valley. All history is written in the cracks and crevices of subtle geographies. Our society built ghostly white capitals and courthouses in imitation of those ruins, as if democracy lived in marble domes and colorless columns.. But the rule of the people has always lived elsewhere: in the hearts of village dwellers and city denizens, in how and what they know and care about, in the streets and squares where they risk everything to make the invisible visible. The Mechanics of the First Democracy The professor described the first Democracy with the plainness of an uncle walking you through changing a tire: “The men would shuffle in, the proposal would be read from an elevated space. A vote was taken. If it passed, it would be made law immediately.” “This is where they voted to kill Socrates,” he warned, “It was a decision they eventually came to regret.” To atone, they erected a statue carved by the same sculptor who memorialized Alexander the Great — emblazoned with the saying We Killed a Just Man. Out of that remorse came reform. The Athenians introduced a rule to delay executions, a cooling-off period for the heat of emotionally-charged democratic decisions. It was like the antiquities version of a waiting period before buying a firearm — don’t vote in the heat of passion, or somebody could get hurt. The Seat of Honor — and the Dead Dog The Socrates episode, as the professor elaborated beyond the familiar headlines, grew more complex. Originally, the proposal before the Athenian assembly of citizens was to punish Socrates for corrupting the youth. When asked what punishment he thought he deserved, the jurors likely expected him to propose exile or to pay a fine. But Socrates doubled down. He insisted he’d done nothing wrong, that he had served the city by awakening its consciousness and holding it to account. So he declared he deserved a seat of honor in the Prytaneion — the sacred civic hall where heroes, Olympic victors, and distinguished citizens were fed free for life. That audacity enraged the jurors, and they promptly sentenced him to death instead. Ironically, not long after, the Athenians gave that same seat of honor to a dead dog — one who had heroically swam from Athens to an island to battle the invading Persians. The dog died of exhaustion upon arrival, but his sacrifice captured the city’s heart. Democracies, then as now, wobble between reason and emotion. They disdain the virtuous and celebrate those who cloak themselves in valor — ever eager to scapegoat the honest and praise the hollow. The Trial That Planted a Grudge In contrast, Socrates had angered many. During the Peloponnesian War, Athens had fought and won a naval battle, but a storm prevented the admirals from retrieving the bodies of the fallen — a sacred duty in ancient Greece. The eight generals were tried together for treason, and Socrates, as presiding citizen, was tasked with overseeing the trial. Because it was illegal to try a group collectively, he refused to bring their deaths to a vote. This angered many, and though six of the generals were eventually executed anyway, Socrates had done what he thought was right. His integrity had cost him the crowd’s favor, and their resentment would come back to bite him. What Athens reveals is that democracy is a tool – powerful, but morally neutral. Self rule amplifies the conscience of a society, or its cruelty, the voice of the people can only express what’s beating in the majority' s chests. A Counting Mechanism, Not a Moral Compass So we live in a system that puts honorable men like Socrates to death — and provides presidential pardons for Diddy and Crypto con men. As I listened to these stories of ancient Athens, I tried to reconcile them with the fragile state of protests back home against Kings and the fight to preserve our democracy, and people’s deep faith in it. I asked the professor, “So democracy has no moral imperative?” He rubbed his elbows, lit another cigarette, and looked toward the city below and asked me to expound. “It’s not conscience,” I said. “It’s just counting?” His eyebrows unfurled. “Yes,” he said quietly. “Exactly.” That struck me — because those fighting for democracy in the U.S. are fighting for more than democracy itself. Not just rule by the people, but a society that’s more caring, loving, and unwilling to leave people behind. If Athens showed how democracy can lose its conscience, Birmingham, Alabama in the 1960's showed how it can find it again — not through reasoned debate, but through courage, choreography, and place. Awakening the Moral Majority: When the Street Becomes the Stage In Birmingham, the “whites only” and “colored” neighborhoods collided at a Woolworth’s lunch counter — and the whole nation watched. On the evening news, images of children blasted by fire hoses and attacked by dogs appeared alongside footage from the Vietnam War. The juxtaposition equated the two — domestic brutality and foreign conflict — and forced a moral reckoning on a country that had long looked away. Activists had placed children in harm’s path to awaken the conscience of America — a plan they hatched in a funeral parlor among the already dead. They sent their troops to war at the lunch counter, faced the police, the dogs, the hoses of oppression. They patched up their soldiers in the doctor’s home office — a neighborhood war of martyrdom, street theatre that moved a nation and reshaped its politics. In ancient Athens, democracy silenced its dissident. In Birmingham, what couldn’t be reasoned through debate was shouted, sung, and televised until the nation’s conscience cracked open. Within months, President Kennedy called civil rights a moral imperative, and a year later, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act — proof that demonstration can move democracy. How We Lost the Plot The Founding Fathers of the United States were afraid of mob rule, of rash democratic decisions made by a riley crowd, so they diffused government power across a spectrum of branches: judicial reviews, bifurcated legislatures and guardrails, but criminals, schemers and cheats find ways to break through any barrier. Now we’re in a place where decisions like Citizens United, the aggregation of power, and the stoking of fear have created a zeitgeist where Americans fight each other while blaming immigrants, the very lifeblood of the country, for their pain. We’ve elected politicians who say one thing and do another: who claim inflation is down when it’s up, who promise tax relief while raising tariffs, who alienate allies, devalue the dollar, and dismantle the safety nets people rely on. All done democratically. Just as Hitler was elected through his appealing arguments of exceptionalism: to blame others and give Germany its rightful day in the sun. Manipulation, hidden agendas, and cultural emotions stampeding over facts is the winning formula that too often carries the masses. Placemaking as the Antidote So no, democracy alone won’t save us. As Winston Churchill said, “Democracy is the worst form of government, except for all those other forms that have been tried from time to time.” What will save us is spreading a culture of caring — building a society where health, housing, food, a clean environment, and factual understanding are foundational agreements. Placemaking can help. We need places to gather, to see one another’s struggles, to create empathy and shared access to the good life. Without those places, it’s too easy to “other” people — to blame them for their circumstances, to call them lazy, and to think they’re leeching instead of contributing. Trust Is Cheaper Than Bureaucracy As Elinor Ostrom showed in her Nobel-winning work, Governing the Commons, traditional societies managed the commons because they were in touch with one another. If someone abused the system, the community addressed it directly. We need those soft-power solutions again — because when a system becomes obsessed with keeping out cheats and undesirables, it collapses under its own paranoia. You see it in placemaking: when benches are removed to deter the homeless, they also erase rest for the weary, pause for the passerby, connection for the community. In trying to hide social ills, we don’t heal them — we only sweep them under the rug, and in doing so, we bury the society itself. In systems of care, we do the same. In my food security work, I’ve seen the contrast between free-flowing, community-run kitchens in the Pacific Northwest and the bureaucratic labyrinth of food access in Los Angeles, where I worked with a woman living in her car as she navigated endless proofs of poverty so a well-paid administrator could approve or deny her benefits. Why spend so much on administration when trust — and investment in a local, good-food economy — could help so many more? Reclaiming Democracy by Design PlacemakingUS recently hosted a webinar on Democracy + Place — exploring how civic design, community imagination, and shared stewardship can renew democratic life from the ground up. We heard ideas like civic design hackathons to prototype ways of making public spaces more democratic, mapping inequities in how and where people can access them, youth beautifying underpasses and planting trees instead of waiting for the state. And we learned of a physical embodiment of a city budget in a public park in Philadelphia, where people can literally walk through the abstractions of policy — making governance visible, tangible, and open to interpretation. These are small, radical acts of re-democratization. They remind us that democracy lives beyond the marble halls, in the parks, plazas, and streets where people feel empowered to shape their own surroundings. Seeing Each Other Again As a democracy, we can mobilize and make our values known through how we vote. But when people are nationalistic, uninformed, or in denial about climate change and the economy, we fall into mob rule — no matter how many levers of power exist. We need to fundamentally shift toward caring for one another and creating neighborhoods and cities where people can see each other — and believe in each other’s virtues. We need to rebuild the civic stage — the dinner table, the park bench, the meeting hall — where democracy rehearses its better self. If not, we’ll keep putting our best to death and exalting the dead dogs of myth above all else.
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Who says there’s no such thing as a free lunch? In the Pacific Northwest, we encountered what seemed like a revolutionary idea — communities growing food, cooking and sharing it for free. There were no labels or limits to entry. These didn’t feel like soup kitchens or food banks—these were community gathering spaces for a hot, dignified meal. As someone who works in food and direct service, I contrasted this simple solution with the stigmatized and gatekeeper-intensive way most food benefits are administered: you need to fill out paperwork, demonstrate need and then receive coupons or a gift card to use for the purchase of eligible products. While there’s some good ideas even in this over-regulated approach like Market Match: a program that gives you double your food stamp vouchers at Farmers Markets to be used on fresh fruits and vegetables, and food box prescriptions which provide insurance dollars for healthy whole food boxes, the clunkiness of this system means many who need and deserve the benefits don’t activate them. That being said, the federal administration is intensifying the barriers for able bodied citizens, which shows a narrow and uncaring view of who needs food and the benefits of safety nets and free community hubs. This all seems counterintuitive when you take into account that 90% of the $4 trillion spent on US healthcare goes towards treating preventable lifestyle diseases. One wonders how much waste is created in oversight and benefits left on the table to offset the specter of abuse this rigamarole is meant to diffuse. On the Road to Resilience, we find free food flows amongst friends in third spaces and is a baseline of community good practice, giving and gratitude. The Open Table on Whidbey IslandA few minutes before the 1pm closing, my host on Whidbey Island whirled by the Methodist Church where an A-frame sandwich board announced “Free Lunch.” We plowed into the parking lot and ran in the building, evading the rush and arriving just in time for the last scrape of the soup pot for today’s meal. The savory lunch was crafted with donated goods from local gardens and partially purchased supplies from a restaurant supply store. We got to interview the chef who told us the inspiration for this place was Dorothy Parker’s Catholic Worker and the Non-Violence Movement — that peacemaking is an everyday activity beyond civil disobedience. In the room were retired teachers, seniors, a homeless person, a schizophrenic and a few friendly folk who just like to socialize and connect. We were shown around the room, which had several monumental artworks all in the style of Picasso’s Guernica, and equally representative of massacres and uprising including of the local native people and another of the current affairs in Palestine. One doesn’t necessarily think of a soup kitchen as a place for intellectuals, philosophical debate and conviviality but this place felt like the hippie lunch annex of the Bohemian Club. The chef ladled out his philosophies along with the ginger broth, dispelling wisdom, like how kind makes kind. Some women came asking if they could use the space to host a knitting event and then later offered to clean the carpet of the oversized room. The group also had been helping contribute to a bake sale for Palestine through a roadside market they baked cookies for. Growing for Food Banks in Port TownsendWhen the call went out in Jefferson County for nutrient-dense fresh foods for food banks, local gardeners answered the call. There are now around a dozen gardens producing nearly 20,000 pounds of food and over 1,000 eggs per year. The gardeners help feed people while helping themselves, learning, socializing and upskilling while they work in communal food growing. The group is as clever as they are kind: innovating ways to grow and deliver produce using electric bikes, and forming the Wild Rovers, who support school gardens in the summer. Cheer them on as they quietly chant their mantra, “We grow. We gather. We give.” The Kitchen at Joe King Park on Hornby IslandIs it something about Island folk that they care about each other a little more than those of us on main land? The Hornby Island Education Society organizes a free lunch three times a week at Joe King Ball Park, an athletic league facility built by members of the community. That seems to be the ethos on Hornby Island, by the community and for the community. This program calls out to many types of people, those with disabilities, seniors and even singles and tradespeople. It positions itself as open to anyone who needs help finding nourishment. During COVID, they also started a hot meal delivery program which continues to this day. Furthermore, the Comox Valley Food Bank operates a satellite food distribution at the same location so folks can shop a shipping container of fresh and shelf stable foods that they bring home for later. Produce at both the food bank and the Kitchen lunch program are partially grown on the island by the community at a gorgeous co-managed Hornby Island Community Garden. These free lunch programs tied to local gardens beautifully connect locally grown, seasonal produce—literally the best food you can get, with those who need it most. Often grown, cooked and served by the same community members who use the service or lovingly provide it for their friends and neighbors. As one lithograph hanging in the Free Lunch on Whidbey Island room says, “If you have more than enough, build a longer table.”
What happens when militarization at the edge seeps into the heart of our country? At the federal border in Tijuana’s Las Playas, the wall cuts across the sand into the Pacific Ocean like a razor. To the South, there’s a buzz of energy — families strolling the malecón, music and murals spilling toward the surf. On the U.S. side, silence. A steel scar bristling with cameras, robotically monitoring a crowd made mostly of children splashing in the tide. Incidentally, I arrived here on the Fourth of July, when the border looks more like a bleacher. A Mexican crowd hugged close to watch the night sky bloom with luminescent bursts above San Diego. In Spanish, fireworks are called fuegos falsos — false light. How apt, I thought. The explosions on the other side rang hollow this time, ghostly echoes from a country stripping back our rights, trading care of our countrymen for consolidation of power, and stealing breadcrumbs from the poor to feed the rich. The false lights of freedom fading across a darkening sky. This slice of land pressed between two nations is called Friendship Park — a name that harkens back to 1971, when Richard Nixon’s wife came here to dedicate it. She asked Border Patrol to cut the barbed wire so she could walk across and greet people from Mexico, telling the crowd, “I hope there won’t be a fence here too long.” Families picnicked together, exchanged food, and embraced on the sand. For years, the border here was little more than sticks and wire — a place where you could mix and mingle with loved ones on both sides. But in the 1990s, we slid the other way — from friends to foes. Operation Gatekeeper was launched to shut down nightly crossings through San Diego neighborhoods — thousands of people moving visibly across canyons and streets, sparking local complaints and fueling political fire. California’s Prop 187, which tried to deny immigrants access to public services, had just passed. The Clinton administration, eager to look tough, embraced a new Border Patrol strategy called prevention through deterrence. The idea was simple: wall off the city, flood it with agents, and force migrants into the desert and mountains, where the landscape itself would do the dirty work. It didn’t stop migration — it only made it deadlier and more costly. To build the new barriers, the U.S. adaptively re-used surplus landing mats from the Gulf War as fences layered on mesh with floodlights and cameras. What had once been a picnic ground of mingling families hardened into a militarized frontier. This doctrine was sold as border “control.” But the rhetoric was always hollow. Americans weren’t lining up for the jobs migrants filled, and by turning a blind eye to the exploitation those workers endured, the country was saving money — subsidizing entire industries on the backs of people it refused to acknowledge. Now enforcement is creeping inland. What began as a blockade at the border is invading the streets of Los Angeles — ICE agents goosestepping through public parks, racially profiling abuelitas, smashing windows and disappearing people. They leave broken families in their wake, importing the same fear and separation tactics used at the wall right to the doorstep of America’s cities. Much of this history of this place was new to me. We the people are kept ignorant — lulled by soaring rhetoric and media soundbites, fed abstractions about “control” and “security,” never really understanding what those words look like written in steel on the sand. The history of the border seems to be held closely here, cries for humanity emanating from real people, unheard beneath the shouting of politicians, xenophobes, and the fear of a few bad actors flooding over the greater good. My local guide, Ricardo — an activist with forty years of keeping his head down and his chin up, watching over and building community alongside this prison wall — unraveled the story as he showed me around. First, we came upon the Iglesia Fronteriza, a binational church organized to build bridges between people on both sides of the fence that divides them. The service commenced with worshippers lifting songs and prayers toward the north. The distance of the wall buffer has grown over the years such that the only connection to the other side was a shaky, video connection through WhatsApp on a tía’s cell phone. The congregation pressed their foreheads and palms against the steel. It felt painful — the longing to be together, the ache of being held apart by something so physically imposing, distant, and obscure, a structure that kept us ranked and filed apart. After brief remarks about religion’s universal teachings of love and kindness to neighbors, the formality broke into a shared meal. Trans migrants, many of them fleeing oppression in their home countries and now staying at a nearby shelter — only to face further struggles and threats of violence here — still found the strength and grace to offer vegan tacos with spicy salsa to anyone who wanted them. I accepted a plate — and then another (a little ashamed, but they insisted) — washed down with homemade horchata before setting off to get acquainted with more of the small gestures defying the divide. In Las Playas, Tijuanense are proud of the border wall's bright murals, blooming with color — playful, human, creative. Yet on our side of the fence, the surface is stripped of expression: dull, institutional, oppressive. It confronts me with another border I’ve stood at — the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) dividing Korea, one of the tensest places on earth where World War III could erupt at any moment. Across that chasm, South Korea is like Mexico — families separated by war hang ribbons with the names of loved ones, even spending holidays under barbed wire just to be physically close to relatives they hope are still alive on the other side. Shockingly, we seem more like North Korea: austere, watchful, fearful — pressing our nation’s thumb down on our extended family. Evoking another global echo, a fragment of the Berlin Wall stands on display in TJ. It pulls me further back — to Auschwitz, where I once saw names carved into the brick bunks. The internees had almost everything taken from them — family, freedom, even their clothes — but not the act of marking their presence: I was here. At Las Playas, the south side of the border wall carries that same insistence. Names, murals, slogans layered over steel — a refusal to disappear, a reclaiming of human dignity in a place built to erase it. Walking along the fence feels like stepping through a hall of mirrors. At the DMZ, we call the north’s barbed wire and guard towers tragic. We shake our heads at concentration camps and say “never again.” And yet, at our own border, standing on the Mexican side looking north, you see that same oppressive architecture of walls and watchtowers. It’s hard to escape the conclusion: we may feel we’re on the right side of the wall, but the wrong side of history. The sights along La Frontera offer a firsthand glimpse of grassroots goodness, starkly contrasted by the rule of force and finance. The long arm of the law asserting itself as troops patrolling the beach with machine guns — a move Ricardo said only fueled violence. Meanwhile, extractive capital interests bend the government to bankroll their schemes: tax dollars egregiously spent to dig up riverbeds for casinos and luxury housing where nature never allowed it — projects that make no sense, except to speculators who cash in and slip away before the rains come. When these imposed dynamics distort reality on the ground, people stop looking to government for support and turn instead to one another. At the native garden planted here by Ricardo and the Friends of Friendship Park, he explained that philanthropy has helped — but it often comes with strings attached. “They come with their own ideas,” he warned. He pointed to a planter box overgrown with mint, tended by an Egyptian sojourner who wanted nothing more than herbs for tea. It reminded him of a time funders approached a migrant orphanage with the idea of aquaponics. They dreamed of gleaming towers of vegetables, red-orbed tomatoes bursting from shiny technology for the ribbon-cutting. Ricardo had seen too many of these flashy projects built, photographed, and abandoned. Instead, he asked the women running the shelter what they actually needed. Their approach was far simpler: tea and herbs. They grow quickly, they’re reliable, and they carry both the nutrition and the memory of home — medicine for the body and the heart. Ricardo’s long career in placemaking at the border began iteratively — first with beach clean-ups and shoreside classes about the watershed. He peeled back the ugly political layers to reveal the beauty of the land itself: the natural systems that sustain us and that we mutually belong to. He mapped out the organizational ecosystem for me, which sounded just like any strong community blueprint — a non-hierarchical network of groups: some replanting native species, others sheltering migrants, others offering salvation. The Friends of Friendship Park provides the backbone anchor, a trickle of funding, and a community eye on the place. Walking with him, through all the hugs and greetings, you could feel how embodied this work was — the shared result of on-going stewardship, artistic endeavors and concern for one another. Chicana writer and feminist Gloria Anzaldúa once called this border an “open wound where the Third World grates against the first and bleeds.” Ricardo still tends that wound in his way — watching both the corn he planted and the youth he once taught grow, carrying seeds forward in garden boxes and open-air classrooms, both wedged between the imposing wall and the gaze of a gun-slinging guard. The dominant narrative here might be steel and surveillance, “bad hombres” and barbed wire. But underfoot, Ricardo and his friends persist like dandelions stubbornly growing in the cracks — sipping mint tea, whispering prayers through the fence, and delighting in the laughter of innocent children playing in the churn of the sea. As storm clouds crackle above America — with border police moving from the edges into our cities, as our federal government strips back rights and dismantles vital programs — we can still take hope from these unlikely placemakers. Even in the darkest corner of our country, where we turn our backs on our brothers, there are gardens growing green, murals messaging resistance, gifts being offered, and memories being shared. Each act is a drip of water, barely noticed at first, but over time carving valleys, smoothing stone, eroding mountains. It is this quiet persistence that raises the tides and shapes the world. For the walls may separate our bodies, but the surging water will wash the wounds clean.
What if your favorite restaurant was in your neighbor’s kitchen? For our first stop on our Road to Resilience summer trip, we popped in for dinner at Vida Kitchen, one of the first legal home restaurants in LA under the new Micro Enterprise Home Kitchen Operations (MEHKO) law. Our host, Wendy Farajpour, and her mother, a Guatemalan immigrant, folded empanadas while her Persian husband, the in-house butcher, ground fresh meat and spices into sausages. Before arriving for supper, I joyfully plucked mulberries from a tree in front of a local high school. A sweet and spectacular fruit, you’ll never see these juicy jewels at the grocery store because they're too delicate to transport. But at our zero kilometer meal, it made a heroic showing atop Wendy’s homemade baklava cheesecake. This is a whole different recipe from the usual restaurant setup. With many hands in the kitchen, local produce and scratch cooking being shared, home restaurants are redefining dining—from something showy to something shared, from business to belonging. Though Los Angeles County’s MEHKO program only began at the end of 2024, there are already over 100 home restaurants up and running. This is the work-from-home revolution meeting the local food economy—turning bedroom communities into kitchen parties and bringing life to residential neighborhoods that lack businesses, jobs, and places to gather. MEHKOs might be the missing ingredient in retrofitting suburbia with the climate and social goals Carlos Moreno lays out in his “15-Minute City” concept, and that the C40 Cities initiative is pushing by connecting climate adaptation and equity. Home kitchens opened to the public, help repair what zoning and auto-oriented development broke in cities and society: they shorten the distance we travel just to clock in at a central business district, and they enliven the uninteresting places we live—housing pods with nowhere to gather. By allowing these homemade hangouts, we’re saving time, money, and carbon while producing joy and connection closer to home. MEHKO lowers the barrier to starting a food business. It invites us to share in each other’s rich cultures through food and familiarity. And it makes life easier for immigrants and entrepreneurs who would otherwise need to secure permits, equipment, and leases—or go underground to do what should be most natural. As tourism slows and automation trims the hospitality labor force, laid-off restaurant workers might find fertile ground right in their own neighborhoods—serving fresh food with friendliness. MEHKO may be fresh out of the oven, but it’s the entrée course following the appetizer of decade-old Cottage Food Laws, which made it legal to sell shelf-stable goods like jam, cookies, and pickles from home. Down the road from Wendy, Alyssa Arellano runs what might be the world’s smallest bakery—set against the industrial sprawl of the West Coast’s largest seaport. Outside her window, you can see supertankers unloading global goods—undercutting local production and poisoning the air—while she lovingly dimples world-class focaccia right here on the block. She trained in Thomas Keller’s French Laundry kitchen—one of the most elite restaurants in the world—but now she bakes from her humble hearth in a converted garage, offering extraordinary bread that’s made locally and shared accessibly. Her mother is diabetic and wears a glucose monitor. Together, they’ve perfected a 72-hour fermented whole wheat sourdough that doesn’t spike her insulin. Alyssa’s baking is a direct response to the industrial food system that’s made so many sick. Beyond selling her bread—she’s hosting backyard pizza parties with chickens running through the crowd. When we visited, the kids went wild chasing them, and the grownups sat back smiling with a slice. Wendy and Alyssa represent a new frontline for food and family in the neighborhood, where people come together to eat, talk, and solve the world’s problems around the table. The meals are affordable without the overhead, and the experience lingers—into laughter, comfort, and connection. It’s the kind of feeling Donald Appleyard describes in his Livable Streets study—where, in the right neighborhood context, the sense of home turf stretches past your front door and envelops the whole block, like the smell of fresh bread wafting from a kitchen window.
On a sprinkling, spring Sunday in New York City, we embarked on a journey to ask one simple yet revealing question: What is your favorite public space—and why? The answers, gathered from strangers in parks and friends in homes, formed a mosaic of memory, identity, culture, and longing. Bryant Park: A City’s Living Room The day began in Bryant Park, where we met a retired couple visiting from Kentucky. Though they had long since left New York due to the cost of living, they return each year to reconnect with the spaces that shaped their lives. “We come to see friends, the theater, the food,” they said. They remembered Bryant Park before its redesign—when it wasn’t yet the polished space it is now. They spoke of concerts, street magicians, public restrooms, and its unique buzz. The park, they said, is still their favorite. Their love for public space extends beyond Manhattan: Yellowstone in winter, going to Buffalo, NY in winter. Washington, D.C., where the Lincoln Memorial and cherry blossoms stirred emotions of history and national memory. Kentucky State Park lodges, quiet and rustic. For them, each place is layered with seasonal changes, gathering, and nostalgia. Nearby, a middle-aged Black man who had known Bryant Park since 1974 shared a different kind of memory. “This place was always alive,” he said. White folks didn’t get it. They said it was dangerous, but it wasn’t. It was cultural. He talked about watching the original Star Wars near the park, live concerts, the feeling of intimacy even in a crowd. “Then Disney came and changed the vibe,” he added, referring to the gentrification of public life around the Theatre District. “But we were here before all that.” Later, a young Brazilian woman holding a lot of shopping bags, told us how her American friends helped her find belonging. After learning English in Seattle and moving to Syracuse for school, she was introduced to Bryant Park—and through it, to New York. “It helped me connect,” she said. Her eyes lit up when she started talking about food festivals, and especially low-barrier opportunities to try ethnic dishes. She showed us a photo from Ilha de Tinharé in Bahia, Brazil: warm-lit streets, restaurants offering samples, carnival culture, beaches, and joy. “I miss that. I wish we had the food samples here.” Washington Square Park: Energy in All Its Forms At Washington Square Park, the rain intensified, but a defiant woman in her late 20s grinned as she described it: “Lots of weirdos—always.” And she meant it fondly. “Some days it just has a vibe.” She told us about a parking lot near Lewis in Port Washington, Long Island, where people gather for sunsets—ice cream, loud music, young people hanging out in cars. “The whole town comes out,” she said, describing it as one of those magical, informal spaces of youth and freedom. Then she transported us to Croatia, to a cluster of cliffs near Split. “We’d lay out blankets, 20 or 30 of us, and jump into the water. It was wild and beautiful.” In Washington Sq Park we met a homeless woman whose face was worn with scratches. She was dishevelled and a bit disoriented, but she still had a favorite place to share: she told us her favorite space is 34th Street. Of European, Afghan, and Cuban heritage, she described New York as “always moving.” To her, NYC city is in motion, especially places like 34th Street: busy, open, and real. Evening at the Kent Household: Legacy and New Generations That evening, we were invited into the home of Fred Kent and Kathy Madden. Over conversation with them, their son Ethan Kent, his wife, and their two young boys and TJ McGuire from Placemaking Canada, the question of favorite public space took on new dimension—philosophical, intergenerational, and personal. Fred, the founder of Project for Public Spaces, named Delray Beach in Florida. He quoted William H. Whyte and Lewis Mumford, shared ideas about how “creative people attract creative people,” and declared, “Forget the damn cars—make cities for lovers and friends.” Fred Kent recalled Borough Market in London—specifically for its food, especially “the best mussels,” as Fred noted. Ethan also mentioned the Medina in Marrakesh—a place of music, snakes, dance, color, and chaos: “Everything happening all at once.” Ethan’s older son, a teenager, named the pier park near their Brooklyn home. “We go there to play and get ice cream,” he said. His only complaint? “There’s no food truck or deli. That would kill!” When asked if girls were part of his crew, he replied, “No, usually just boys.” They play basketball and hang out. Their youngest son, a precocious tween, gave a simple answer to his favorite place: “Amsterdam.” When asked why, he shrugged: “I don’t know. I just like it. It’s cool.” We also spoke with TJ Mcguire from Placemaking Canada, who joined us for the gathering, offered up his favorite place -- the Plaza de Armas in Puerto Rico. A Day in Dialogue with Place From Bryant Park to Moroccan squares, Croatian cliffs to Brooklyn piers, and Brazilian beach towns to Long Island parking lots, these conversations wove together a rich story about how we remember and relate to space. All of them reminded us: public spaces are not just places—they are people, memories, culture, food, and motion. They are what connect us. Observations recorded on May 4, 2025 – Public Space Stories from New York City
Curated by Lili Razi and in conversation with Ryan Smolar On recent trips to Türkiye and Morocco, I was charmed by the omnipresence of public pets—particularly cats. These furry denizens wander freely through cafes, markets, and streets, offering moments of unplanned connection that enrich urban life. In Türkiye, cats are so integrated into public life that during a panel talk I gave in Izmir, a cat casually wandered onto the dais, nuzzled the microphone, and stole the show. These animals weren’t nuisances—they were part of the city’s rhythm. In Essaouira, a kitten lounged cluelessly in the center of a bustling market while passersby adjusted their steps. Packs of cats gathered in the mornings for sardines thoughtfully left by locals. These public pets, far from being nuisances, create a shared experience between people and the animal kingdom. They are a stark contrast to American cities, where over-regulation, car-dominated design, and a sanitized aesthetic have all but erased such moments of urban charm. Why Cats Rule in Türkiye and Morocco Public pets thrive in Türkiye and Morocco due to a mix of culture and practicality. Cats have been celebrated throughout the region for millenia, both for their associations with religion, royalty and more pragmatically, for their rat-catching skills. Islamic tradition holds them in high regard—popular tales link them to the Prophet Muhammad and of course, Cleopatra. This mix of reverence and utility ensures that cats are well-fed, calm, and a celebrated part of the urban landscape. The Urban Layout: Roads vs. Streets In Türkiye and Morocco, human-scale streets create a patchwork of comfortable pathways where people—and animals—naturally interact. Medinas and labyrinthine alleys encourage neighborly exchanges and shared experiences, such as greeting a friendly street cat. These spaces can also serve as a bellwether for the comfort and inclusion of others, like seniors. By contrast, the U.S. prioritizes roads over streets. Our cities are designed for oversized cars, parking lots, and big-box stores, leaving little room for the serendipity of human or animal encounters. Our car-dominated infrastructure not only diminishes social interaction but is also hazardous for animals—an estimated 1 million become roadkill annually in the U.S. There's No Place Like "Away" America’s obsession with cleanliness and control stems from a broader cultural concept: the idea of "away." We treat waste, and often street animals, as something to be removed and forgotten, sent to an imaginary place called "away." This concept, deeply ingrained in American culture, removes the messiness—and, ironically, the humanity—from urban life. Street pets, once integral to the urban ecosystem, have been relegated to shelters or euthanized, stripped of their role in making cities feel like shared living spaces. Meanwhile, in Türkiye, a network of informal public dog houses offers a different perspective, hosting canine neighbors as part of the urban fabric. Privatization of Pet Life: The American Approach Interestingly, the U.S. has found ways to reintroduce animals into urban life, but only in controlled, commercialized, or segregated forms. Cat cafés, for example, offer the companionship of cats—but at a price. What other cultures embrace as a free, public joy, we package and sell. Similarly, dog parks are caged spaces that confine pet life to designated corners of our cities, separating them from the broader urban environment. Instead of integrating pets into daily life, we isolate them within fenced-off areas, treating their presence as something to be managed rather than celebrated. Even leashed pets in American cities often symbolize tension rather than connection. Dogs tug owners along sidewalks, only to "disturb" overly-manicured lawns or defile tree wells—acts viewed as disruptions in our sanitized urban landscapes. These interactions, far from fostering community, often lead to annoyance or conflict, reflecting the broader friction between individual and shared urban spaces. This tendency to compartmentalize pet life into privatized or tightly controlled contexts—be it cat cafés or dog parks—underscores a uniquely American discomfort with the spontaneity and shared responsibility that animals bring to public life. Social Responsibility and the Fear of Free-Roaming Pets America’s lack of public pets also reflects a broader failure of social responsibility. We tend to view free-roaming animals not as companions but as threats. The specter of “dangerous” strays—like the stereotype of marauding pit bulls—reflects a society where mistrust and fear often overshadow care and stewardship. Abroad, the presence of well-fed, calm animals in other countries suggests a community that takes collective responsibility for its shared spaces, fostering an environment where animals and people coexist peacefully. This isn’t to idealize other countries entirely. Türkiye recently enacted stricter laws targeting its 4 million stray dogs after several fatal attacks. While controversial, the law focuses on addressing animals that pose public health risks, rather than eradicating all strays. This approach contrasts sharply with the U.S. regulatory mindset, where a “one-size-fits-all” approach often punishes the many for the sins of the few. American regulations frequently stifle social activities like street vending and festivals, assuming bad intent rather than targeting specific problems. Lessons in Coexistence for the U.S. Public pets remind us of the value of shared spaces and mutual responsibility. They create small moments of connection that humanize cities, making them feel less like sterile machines and more like living rooms. Public pets represent more than cute encounters—they are a lens through which we can examine urban design, regulation, and social values. Their absence in U.S. cities reveals a deeper discomfort with the messiness of shared urban life, a preference for control over connection. By embracing—not erasing—these interactions, we might create cities that feel less like the crucible of commerce and realm of machines and more like living rooms: cozy, communal, and alive. Story and Photos by Ryan Smolar
What comes to mind when you think of play? Perhaps childhood, freedom, and energy. Maybe places to play. Play has been all but written out of our neighborhoods and our lives. But when we tweeze out the characteristics of play, we see it can unfold in many ways, shapes, and forms. And importantly, play is not just for children, but is vital to a good life at all ages. Play is a very human endeavor. It involves spontaneity and exploration that are often absent in over-planned and over-engineered environments. Many of us live in suburban areas designed for vehicles, which reduce opportunities for spontaneity by design. That’s because cars demand predictability. This creates a negative correlation between auto-dependency and play. If environments that encourage play are interactive and multidimensional, and suburbs are prescriptive and linear, then is it all a loss? I think not. By understanding the characteristics of play, we can think outside the sandbox to find simple ways to create more playful suburban places. Play is a spontaneous, enjoyable activity that engages our curiosity and imagination, and promotes exploration. It is inherently enjoyable, requiring no external sources to fuel its happening. While there are a variety of ways we can define it, six basic characteristics of play are as follows: Characteristics of Play, at Its Core:
Playful environments encourage discovery and interaction in unscripted ways. They inspire creativity and promote wandering and adventure. It’s no mistake that many of our first thoughts associated with play is a “playground”. Nearly all of the land in suburban contexts is privately-owned, and due to various regulatory factors such as deep setbacks and wide lots, the streets aren’t exactly welcoming. Thus, oftentimes tiny plots of land dedicated solely to play (such as playgrounds) are the only safe spaces to play. The privatization of land is deeply embedded in North American culture, and the likelihood of homeowners inviting the public onto their properties to play on a play structure or engage in a game of pickleball is slim. So where and how can people play? When we consider the characteristics of play, we can see there are several ways in which we can create more playful suburban streets in very gentle ways. When it comes down to it, it’s simply about breaking monotony and promoting interaction, which can be done through thoughtful landscaping. And surprisingly, many of these solutions may not look like play at all. Four Landscaping Elements For More Playful Streets Photo courtesy of Decoist Photo courtesy of Skokie Park District 1. Little Free Libraries. While you may not think of Little Free Libraries as “play,” they check several boxes on the Characteristics of Play list. Little Free Libraries are spontaneous and unexpected; they pique curiosity and promote exploration, and they open people to stories and ideas they may not have come upon otherwise. Nobody forces passersby to look through a Little Free Library. They’re intrinsically motivated to do so. By strategically placing these libraries along the street or sidewalk, you can create mini social hubs that encourage neighbors to stop, browse, and interact. Photo taken in Pittsburgh, PA 2. Sidewalk seating. People do not expect to find seating in the suburbs. This deters walking and exploration in too-hot weather, and for people with limited mobility year-round. Want to add an element of surprise for your neighbors? Reposition outdoor furniture toward the sidewalk. Think beyond benches—seating can be provided with various landscaping elements including rocks, logs, and swings. These seating areas invite rest and conversation, turning a simple walk into an opportunity for spontaneous social interaction and engagement with the environment. Photo taken in Pittsburgh, PA 3. Trees, please. Trees are one of the most obvious play pieces in the world. There is something inherently natural about touching, sitting under, and climbing trees. Trees provide shade, beauty, and a natural play element that can transform a monotonous sidewalk into a place of discovery and enjoyment. If you have a tree near the right-of-way, embrace it. Invite people to interact with it by adding small touches like a path leading to it, a swing hanging from its branch, or a tiny gnome garden near its trunk.
4. Edible sidewalk gardens. Did you know most herbs can be grown with relatively little maintenance? Street or sidewalk gardens can break the monotony of the typical suburban lawn and invite spontaneous interaction. Whether you're planting directly in the ground, in raised beds, or large pots, including little signs can educate passersby about the plants and invite them to pick! Wanna get crazy? CombineThe Ideas Above! Combining these elements can create a cohesive and playful sanctuary right in your front yard. Imagine a charming Little Free Library at the edge of your lawn to spark curiosity and encourage exploration. From there, a flagstone path invites visitors to discover more. They find a log where they can sit to read their book and have a spontaneous conversation with another neighbor. They notice a tiny gnome garden at the base of your tree, and as the wind gently blows, they get a whiff of fragrant lavender, thyme, and mint. They notice the sign invites them to pick, so they pluck a few twigs of each and tuck them into their new book. Using simple landscaping elements, we can create cohesive and playful environments that transform simple suburban yards into vibrant and engaging sanctuaries that not only enhance the visual appeal of the streetscape, but also promote community interaction, exploration, and a sense of playfulness. These gentle interventions demonstrate how small creative efforts can significantly impact the livability and enjoyment of suburban streets. While the vast, vacant American front lawn is a sight we’ve gotten used to, I think you will be surprised by the delight you may find in passively engaging and hosting your neighbors.
PlacemakingUS recently hosted the NYC Public Realm Roundtable at Pratt Institute School of Architecture with a halo of stars, including Mayor Adams' Office of the Public Realm, the incredible Department of Transportation (NYC DOT), leading firms in the cities-for-people space like Street Plans and Street Lab, and think-and-do tanks like the Design Trust for Public Space, Urban Design Forum and the Alliance for Public Space Leadership. It was an incredible event to be a part of and to organize from afar. To put it together, I spent a lot of time on the phone listening to New Yorkers kvetch about what's keeping their city from achieving the public realm greatness of international peers they highlighted, like Barcelona, Mexico City, Paris, and Montreal. And when it came down to it, by the 15th call, I was pretty surprised to be hearing the same lamentations I've gleaned from my own city, and towns across the country: our local permitting systems are squeezing the creativity, connectedness and joy out of American civic life. I know the story well from my own experience, long before I ever picked up the phone and dialed a 212 number. If you want to host a public space activation for your community, be prepared to fill out a ton of paperwork at a pre-determined time, get signatures from those affected by the "inconvenience," and pay a hefty fee before you're even assured that the permit will be issued. Once you receive your permit, you learn that this is a permit to get more permits. You might need a fire permit, a structural permit for a stage, a liquor permit, or a bunch of permits for individual food vendors. And don't get me started on insurance and three-compartment sinks! And while I get it—I understand why we, in principle, need some ways of permitting these activities and that there is liability and bad actors and abusers out there—it's truly long past time we recognize the amount of positive activities, programs, and stewardship we're denying in our public spaces every day by treating everybody like they're unauthorized actors needing to go through this rigmarole to support their local park, provide an economic platform for neighbors wanting to start businesses, or create additional playspaces for children and social spaces for us all. It was great learning about all the hard work being done in NYC to overturn this system, particularly the work of the Design Trust for Public Space. They recently completed a report called Neighborhood Commons: Reimagining Public Space Governance and Programming in Commercial Districts. The report's methodology brilliantly reminds me of the famed Chicago Sun-Times endeavor to open a fake bar called The Mirage Tavern in the 1970s. By actually going through the steps of trying to open the aptly named "Mirage" Tavern, the reporters and a watchdog group were able to meticulously illustrate the corrupt and flawed aspects of the procedures, which were riddled with shake-downs and graft. This isn't to say NYC's permitting process is run by Tammany Hall, but rather that the byzantine and inconsistent laws on the books and interdepartmental confusion create an impossible scenario for even trusted community-based organizations like Business Improvement Districts (BIDs) and Open Streets management organizations to maintain their noble efforts of creating, maintaining, and enlivening public space across the city. Another thorough exploration of these issues as they relate in particular to BIDs is presented in the Regional Plan Association's recent report entitled, GO LOCAL! Nurturing Neighborhoods & Advancing Equity, which postulates that "the City has an extraordinary opportunity to catalyze equitable public space investment in all neighborhoods by lifting constraints and actively affirming BIDs and other place-based partners in less-resourced areas." The author of the report, Tim Tompkins, who formerly ran the Times Square Alliance and is the Founding Director of Partnerships for Parks, is on a mission to say this goes beyond the BIDs to impacting all public space partners, from Friends of the Parks organizations to Community Boards. Now it's true: across the spectrum, the permitting process is not 100% impossible. We've encountered rare talented individuals who are permit masters. David Tamulonis, Events & Marketing Manager for the Erie Downtown Partnership, sits down one day a year with every department in his small city and gets hundreds of downtown activations permitted. He comes from a development background and is used to rigorous 18-month planning approaches and has adapted that to the lowly event permitting process. In Portland, Oregon, they've made great strides towards simplifying permitting and creating more categories of permits with easy web access to facilitate the process under the banner, Portland in the Streets. When I ran a BID in Santa Ana, California, our city's permitting process was a real clunker, requiring you to show up at City Hall and drop off paper documents and handwritten checks. My incredible operations manager, Jose Romo, went toe-to-toe with the City, crossing every 't' and dotting every 'i' such that the City eventually recognized the burden it was putting itself through and innovated to allow us to turn in one permit to cover up to six events, as well as simplifying and lowering the costs of pop-up vendors to a more equitable rate of $25/year for artisans and micro-retailers selling a few thousand dollars per year or less on our city streets. And though there are these rare bright spots, I think a former Mayor of Denver said it best when he lamented that "our challenge in government is to create an atmosphere where people don't have to use up their creativity fighting the system." Though well-resourced and employed experts are able to figure out the permitting systems, most citizens are left in the dark, and that results in a lack of their creativity and care hitting the streets in a meaningful way. The Better Block Foundation, a non-profit that specializes in turning underutilized public spaces into temporary demonstrations of vibrant areas, has dealt with dozens of permitting offices across the country. While they're quite adept and have honed their process to a 120-day start-to-finish approach, they encountered one city whose process was so overly complex that they hired a graphic artist to illustrate it. The resulting flowchart looked more complicated than the ones used to launch a SpaceX Super Heavy Rocket and demonstrates the need for cities to be aware of how they may be stifling lively, connected places in parks, plazas, commercial centers, and neighborhoods. On the phone with New Yorkers, I was both saddened and inspired when I was put in touch with Trey Jenkins, a BID leader in the Bronx in the 161st Street BID adjacent to Yankee Stadium. Without losing his upbeat positive attitude, Trey explained to me the challenges he was surmounting to provide public space amenities and proof of concepts to garner public-private investments to give the Bronx the type of public space pizzazz you might encounter in Manhattan or Brooklyn. "This is the greatest city in the world," Trey added, "let's make it happen." I heard a similar story from Tiera Mack, the Pitkin Avenue BID leader in Brownsville, Brooklyn. She wanted to create a small business opportunity and activate her public plaza, Zion Triangle, with a coffee cart, but a New York City Department of Parks & Recreation moratorium on concession agreements left the neighborhood uncaffeinated and the plaza underutilized. Beyond the BIDs, we were even more shocked to hear about the permitting woes of the neighborhood organizations partnering with the City to run hundreds of Open Streets across the cities. These pandemic-era programs have iterated year after year to provide unprecedented social space, play streets, outdoor dining, and biking and walking paths throughout the boroughs. We visited the legendary 26-block 34th Avenue Open Street and an emerging gem on 31st Avenue, along with the incredible commercial strip in Brooklyn along Vanderbilt Avenue managed by a dedicated group of neighbors. It was tearful to hear about the way these community-managed social spaces had brought whole communities together, kept businesses thriving, and provided critical space for well-being and activity. And yet, these Open Streets need to reapply for their permit every single month. They need to apply for special permits for certain types of activities the community wants to do, they have to maintain robust insurance policies, and rely on wide networks of volunteers without paid staff. Despite all these challenges, they persevere and even have a network where they can cry on each other's shoulders and vie for advice. An intriguing tale we encountered as we heard these stories was that of "The Hort," an equity-minded program of the Horticultural Society of New York that provides scaled services to these public space providers like the Open Streets and Plaza Programs across the City. The Hort gives one clue on how more services could scale up to support hundreds of public spaces across the City. Started as an entrepreneurial partnership between Bloomberg Philanthropies and the Horticultural Society of New York, The Hort began with a million dollars to provide those critical services that underpin these public spaces, including moving the barricades daily, landscaping, and maintenance. This program quickly proved its worth and has scaled to a $27 million NYC DOT contract, which underpins the success of most of the public-public partnership spaces we visited in areas outside of the uber-resourced Midtown Manhattan. This miracle at The Hort was lauded by all as a success and is a program that should be resourced, expanded, and brought to other cities. In addition, other platform services like insurance, gap funding, and even activities could follow a similar path. We were exposed to another public space platform at Street Lab, a design studio that has created a library of temporary furniture for public space activation that works with philanthropy, institutions, and the City to provide prototypical furniture to Open Streets in the Bronx, Brooklyn, and Queens so they can begin to figure out the more long-term needs and wants of the community. Truly inspiring and incredible work from those rising to the occasion in our nation's most urban and densely-populated landscape. Through the action of the NYC Public Realm Roundtable, we heard the stories of individual actors experiencing pain points and red tape, where they should be invited as trusted partners to make great places for residents. We also learned these issues have been well-documented, and each of the plans mentioned above has a dozen recommendations put forth to streamline and enable positive action to move forward. Some of the participants in our roundtable, Jackson Chabot and Elana Ehrenberg, along with Rebecca Macklis of the Municipal Arts Society (MAS), even wrote an Op-Ed in May, Opinion: Free NYC’s Block Parties from Suffocating Red Tape, opining the same thing we're talking about here. So is there any hope?
There is a glimmer on the horizon. In May, Mayor Adams and the Small Business Services Division (SBS), which oversees 75 BIDs across the city, made an announcement aimed at addressing these issues. These include making $500,000 in grants available to offset insurance costs, launching a new "Trusted Partner" program to cut red tape for consistent partners delivering services and value to New York residents and visitors, and initiating a new pilot partnership with the Urban Design Forum. This partnership, called "Connected Corridors," will provide legal and logistical support to small BIDs like Trey’s and Tiera’s, who may have limited staff time to tackle giant recurring topics that can be better approached through a subject matter expert, third-party partner. We're writing about this topic so that it doesn't just get tackled in New York City but to present all cities and citizens with the opportunity to take stock of their permitting process and recognize the dead and dangerous spaces that pervade our cities. These spaces could be co-activated by citizens through easier and less expensive processes. We got the good news that the Design Trust for Public Space has received funds to continue their work and continue to present their materials to the New York City Law Department, where they feel legal language and liability aversion are where the rubber needs to meet the road. If there are cities out there, philanthropies, political action groups, or even economically-minded groups who see the potential of public space as a platform for the regeneration of our places and our economy, we hope you will get in touch and we can mutually support this body of work and this changing of the guard from one-size-fits-none to loosening the levers for many more to utilize public space for cultural activities, social gatherings, micro and mobile businesses, and health and well-being. The other option is to watch as our public spaces continue to wither under bureaucratic constraints. It's time to break free and let our cities flourish with creativity and community spirit. Story by Ryan Smolar Photos by Ryan Smolar, TJ Maguire and Ethan Kent This three-day event brought together local placemakers in the Long Beach, California area to examine our food system and how the community is coming together to grow, share, and sell food with one another. Non-profit sponsor and organizer Long Beach Fresh also refers to this as a convening of seeders, feeders, and eaters. Ultimately, this gathering celebrates how, through nourishing ourselves and others through healthy food, we can create more robust, more equitable communities. This summit was also grounded in the theories of the placemaking movement: that we all have a collective responsibility to reshape our environments in ways that serve the holistic needs of all, and that can be accomplished through education, organizing local leaders, access to resources and empowerment to all people living in our locales. I began my day on Friday in an industrial area of Long Beach at the Foodbank of Southern California. For the last 47 years, this non-profit center has worked out of this warehouse to distribute food with over 700 non-profit partners. I was a guest at an opportunity luncheon, where local Southern California farmers, food policy experts, non-profit leaders, and government workers came together to learn about the future partnership opportunities that were coming up to help strengthen the infrastructure of the local food network. We enjoyed a delicious farm-to-table lunch from a local chef while seeing the designs for the renovation of an additional distribution hub, innovative vehicles built for better food drop-off in small urban streets while also engaging in networking and discourse about how to shift food bank food away from the traditional reliance on canned and processed food into healthier offerings through partnerships with local farmers. Next, I met students, food policy experts, funders and grassroots leaders for another discussion in the beautiful setting of Moonwater Farm in the nearby city of Compton. Here we marveled at what is possible when one uses permaculture techniques, as Professor Kathleen Blakistone from the Department of Plant Science at Cal Poly Pomona has transformed the urban property into a wonderland that includes not only chickens, vegetable, herb, and fabric dyeing gardens but also ultra-friendly Angora goats. We heard about the state of funding for local food programs and non-profits since COVID-19 from Melanie Wong from the Food Policy Council. Long Beach Fresh's Ryan Smolar shared his inspiring vision for a more integrated, robust, financially secure food system for all through public-private partnerships and the strengthening of local non-profit leaders. That evening, during the Bixby Knolls art walk, I visited the Long Beach County Fair. I watched a dance video featuring special needs students in the farming education program at Sowing Seeds for Change, promoting healthy food in local convenience stores. A photography project I shot of the six convenience stores participating in the Farm 2 Market program was displayed on the wall, highlighting the immigrant owners of the businesses who dared to innovate by selling produce alongside their traditional fare from local farms. There was a blue ribbon contest awarding the best produce and cottage foods produced locally, a creative station for kids, flower wreaths, freeze-dried fruits, and plants for sale, all amidst the blue grass honky tonk. Saturday morning began at the Growing Experience Farm in North Long Beach, where I watched my first ever Crop Swap: an amazing exchange of backyard produce that attracted plentiful food from growers all across the city. One of my favorite items was the candied lemon peels that one resident brought to share. Chef Dina Feldman of Feel Good Salsa demonstrated how to make a healthy vegetable salad, and I took home a couple of containers to share. I learned how residents promoted the idea of bringing aspects of Blue Zones to the local Long Beach community to enhance longevity by promoting healthy food, physical activity, and community connection. A walk topped off this visit through the beautiful six-acre space, which not only includes a teaching garden and vertical gardens, but also an aquaponics system which grow food and fish in a closed-loop system. The day's second stop was at Zaferia Garden, part of the Long Beach Organic community gardens network. This land was filled with growing plots where a railroad line once ran, and on this day, a young boy greeted me with an offer of fresh-squeezed lemonade. His father was hand-turning wooden dibbers, which help expand the opportunity for everyone to participate in the planting process despite physical limitations while encouraging soil health. Live jazz music filled the air, and many starter plants were for sale to support the non-profit: I bought a strawberry plant, some basil, and lettuce to plant at my Long Beach home. In this setting, I heard talks from the City of Long Beach's Environmental Services Bureau about food waste prevention and food recovery processes from non-profit Food Finders. I downloaded the FoodKeeper app for my iPhone to educate myself on better food store maximization. The last stop was at the kick-off of the painting of a beautiful food mural on the side of the Southeastern Asian grocery store A&F Market, one of the participants in the Produce 2 Market program I mentioned earlier, part of the City of Long Beach Department of Health and Human Services through the utilization of funds from the Long Beach Recovery Act. I met local community artists at this site, including Amy Tanaka and our local United Way representatives. I learned about their organization's shift back to a community chest model, focusing on investing in local grassroots community groups that have their feet on the ground so that community needs are met successfully through partnerships with neighborhood leaders. Sunday afternoon was the last day of the summit, and it consisted of a meeting for a Vegetarian Cooking demonstration in the learning and teaching garden of the Long Beach Master Gardener's program behind Casa Chaski's Peruvian Restaurant. Louisa Bonnie cooked Thai red curry with vegetables while community members shared ideas about documentary film projects and seed and plant shares. I met Master Gardener Lee White, who tends the beautiful space. Last but certainly not least, I took a herbalism walk with renowned herbalist teacher Julie James in the beautiful Willow Springs Park near Signal Hill. I learned about many traditional nutritional and medicinal uses of the local flora and fauna, along with the history of the space from the Friends of Willow Springs Park. I was surprised to learn that in the 1920s, Long Beach had planned to turn the park into a community center, similar to San Diego's Balboa Park. However, someone discovered oil, and the space instead came to host 70 wells pumping day and night. Yet today, many of those pumps are no longer active, and the local landscape is returning to what it once was. This beautiful spring day was full of yellow lilies, and I strolled down the walking trail alongside a mural celebrating the wisdom and connection to the land of the indigenous Tongva people. Just earlier in the day, I had dropped off food scraps at Farm 59 (also in that space) to Long Beach Compost while picking up free processed compost and mulch to prepare the soil at my home to begin my own participation and journey into the seemingly magical world of growing life from the soil. This weekend was both educational and thought-provoking. It made me reflect on the vision of what I would like my neighborhood to look like: full of food forests alongside walking trails where I can meet neighbors, easily accessible, affordable, healthy local food, and warm shelter for all who live beside me, as well as the opportunity for all to share their gifts in the beautiful community we are cocreating here in Long Beach. I met many others this weekend who share the same vision and desire to partner to manifest this New Renaissance along with our Mother Earth: reimaging a world, an urban city where all can flourish, be nourished, live integrally within our natural environment, and shape our built environment into creating spaces where people can join in on this movement and reimagine how we live. Isn't this what placemaking is all about? Bringing together creative, visionary, and rooted community members to shift energy and stir up the pot of complacency and the status quo to reshape the world we have been born into, one we only dream of living in but also can envision passing along to those who will come after us? We are responsible for honoring our vision and desires for peace and prosperity for all while respecting the indigenous wisdom still in this land and learning from nature how to live in this time in history to promote social change and hold dear to the near future where love shows the way.
Community gardens, urban farms, and public edible landscapes infuse fresh food into our city lives, grounding us in the natural world and its seasonal rhythms. However, these spaces often come with barriers: big fences, locked gates, and a sense of exclusivity that can make nearby residents scoff, “Community garden? Not for me.” But inside, there’s a different story. Those who tend the plots are often deeply connected to the neighborhood, though a clear divide exists between them and those left outside. We see placemaking as a game-changer in the world of urban agriculture and community gardening. It’s about breaking down barriers and welcoming more people in, especially in low-food-access neighborhoods where a garden could revolutionize local health and social safety nets. Transforming Spaces: Tips for Urban Ag Sites1. Rethinking Boundaries: The Art of Fencing Yes, gardens indeed need fences—to shield them from hungry animals that could ravage a garden overnight and to deter the occasional vandal or uninvited gleaner. Yet, some fences we see are so imposing they seem to scream "food maximum security" rather than "food security." Here's how we can turn barriers into welcoming features: Embrace Living Fences: Cultivate a fence with a purpose. Planting blackberries or other vine crops can transform a stark fence into a lush, living boundary. It becomes a beautiful hint of the bounty inside and extends an open invitation for passersby to enjoy a summer berry and perhaps, strike up a conversation with the gardeners. Strategic Setback: Sometimes, it's not just what you plant but where you place it. Many gardens push their fences to the very edge to maximize space. However, setting the fence back even just a bit can create a welcoming 'front yard' effect. This space can serve as a mini public square, offering benches, a spot for food sharing, or a communal herb garden with mint or rosemary for anyone to harvest. By reimagining how we delineate our garden spaces, we can foster a sense of openness and community while still protecting the fruits of our labor. Try setting the fence back. It’s a simple trick that creates a welcoming front yard vibe, offering space for food sharing, seating, or public herb gardens. 2. Crafting the Welcome Artful Entrances: The entrance should be a testament to the garden's ethos, inviting curiosity and interaction. An attractive sign or archway that captures the essence of the garden can intrigue and draw in visitors, setting the tone for the experience within. Informative Displays: Clarity invites participation. A well-designed welcome area should offer essential information at a glance – opening hours, contact details, and upcoming events. This openness not only encourages community involvement but also integrates the garden into the rhythm of neighborhood life. Neighborhood Signage and Wayfinding: Effective wayfinding ensures that the garden is a community fixture, not a hidden secret. Signs placed throughout the neighborhood can guide residents and visitors to this verdant haven, making it an accessible destination for all. Consider maps, directional arrows, and even digital markers for those using smartphones to navigate. 3. Programming and Open House: Cultivating Community Through Activity Urban gardens are more than plots of land for cultivation; they are vibrant community centers that offer a remedy to the mental health crises and isolation prevalent in today's society. To truly flourish, these spaces must provide a variety of reasons for people to gather, connect, and engage beyond the care of their garden beds. Wellness and Recreation: Activities like yoga, including popular variations such as goat yoga, invite people to unwind and connect in the serenity of nature. These sessions offer a dual benefit: promoting physical health and creating a communal rhythm that resonates through the garden. Direct Engagement with Nature: Initiatives like 'U-Pick' events and farm stands do more than just provide fresh produce; they invite hands-on interaction with the garden's bounty. This direct engagement is a tangible way for community members to support the garden's sustainability while enjoying the fruits of their labor. Community Exchanges: Our 'Crop Swap' program is a testament to the power of sharing. Over eight years, participants have exchanged over 14 tons of produce, seeds, and gardening insights, fostering a rich tapestry of communal knowledge and culinary diversity. Open Hours and Amenities: By opening the garden for regular visiting hours, offering volunteer opportunities, or simply providing a space where one can work remotely with the added benefit of free Wi-Fi and garden-grown herbal tea. Mixing uses by adding a mobile book shops or flower store, can transform these green spaces into hubs of community life. In essence, gardens are not just about cultivating food; they're about cultivating community. PlacemakingUS recognizes the profound potential that lies in each urban agriculture site. Through our dedicated efforts, we visit and assist gardens in realizing their fullest capabilities, transforming them into vibrant, communal spaces that extend far beyond the confines of cultivation. We are committed to collaborating with local food communities, bringing the wisdom and practices of placemaking to these essential urban spaces. Our work is more than a passion—it's a critical step toward a more sustainable society. By enhancing these gardens, we contribute to carbon sequestration, reduce food miles, and strengthen the fabric of our communities, creating spaces of social cohesion and comfort. Aligning with the universal principles for sustainable development advocated by UN-Habitat, we believe in nurturing spaces that foster a deeper connection to our environment and each other. We invite you to join us in this transformative journey, reshaping our urban landscapes into thriving, sustainable, and inclusive communities. Article and Photos by Ryan Smolar, Co-Director, PlacemakingUS |
AuthorsArticles contributed by placemaking experts across the US Archives
November 2025
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